这一章节主要涉及算法模型训练、算法模型评估、算法模型封装:
- 算法模型训练: 模型使用已标记的垃圾邮件和非垃圾邮件样本来学习如何识别垃圾邮件;
- 算法模型评估: 使用测试数据来评估模型的性能;
- 算法模型封装: 将训练好的相关模型封装成软件组件,以便将垃圾邮件识别功能集成到项目中。
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer import pickle import numpy as np from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
1. 算法模型训练
训练代码比较简单,代码执行结束之后,会在 data 目录下创建模型文件: 04-邮件分类模型.pth。
def train(): # 加载训练数据 train_data = pickle.load(open('temp/清洗训练集.pkl', 'rb')) emails = train_data['email'] labels = train_data['label'] # 训练特征提取器 stopwords = [word.strip() for word in open('data/stopwords.txt', encoding='gbk', errors='ignore')] extractor = CountVectorizer(stop_words=stopwords) emails = extractor.fit_transform(emails) features = extractor.get_feature_names_out() print('数据集特征:', len(features), features) # 实例化算法模型 estimator = MultinomialNB(alpha=0.01) estimator.fit(emails, labels) y_preds = estimator.predict(emails) print('训练集准确率:', accuracy_score(labels, y_preds)) # 存储特征提取器和模型 pickle.dump(extractor, open('model/extractor.pkl', 'wb'), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL) pickle.dump(estimator, open('model/estimator.pkl', 'wb'), protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
数据集特征: 151382 ['一一' '一一列举' '一一对应' ... '龟裂' '龟速' '龟龟'] 训练集准确率: 0.9814442248967128
训练完成之后,会在 model目录生成两个重要文件:
- extractor.pkl
- estimator.pkl
2. 算法模型评估
我们将 1万+ 测试集数据送入模型,分别去评估模型的准确率。
def evaluate(): # 加载特征提取器 extractor = pickle.load(open('temp/extractor.pkl', 'rb')) # 加载算法模型 estimator = pickle.load(open('temp/estimator.pkl', 'rb')) # 加载测试集数据 test_data = pickle.load(open('temp/清洗测试集.pkl', 'rb')) emails = test_data['email'] labels = test_data['label'] # 提取特征 emails = extractor.transform(emails) # 模型预测 y_preds = estimator.predict(emails) print('验证集准确率:', accuracy_score(labels, y_preds))
模型评估输出结果:
验证集准确率: 0.9765751211631664
3. 算法模型封装
接下来,我们将模型推理封装成 RecognizerMail 类,便于后续使用。
import jieba jieba.setLogLevel(0) import pickle import re import warnings warnings.filterwarnings('ignore') class RecognizerMail: def __init__(self): # 加载特征提取器 self.extractor = pickle.load(open('temp/extractor.pkl', 'rb')) # 加载算法模型 self.estimator = pickle.load(open('temp/estimator.pkl', 'rb')) def clean_mail(self, mail): # 保留中文 mail = re.sub(r'[^\u4e00-\u9fa5]', '', mail) # 内容分词 mail = jieba.lcut(mail) return ' '.join(mail) def predict(self, mails): clean_mails = [] # 邮件清洗 for mail in mails: mail = self.clean_mail(mail) clean_mails.append(mail) # 特征提取 input_mails = self.extractor.transform(clean_mails) # 模型预测 labels = self.estimator.predict(input_mails) labels = ['垃圾邮件' if label == 'spam' else '正常邮件' for label in labels] print(labels) return labels if __name__ == '__main__': email1 = ''' Received: from coozo.com ([219.133.254.230]) by spam-gw.ccert.edu.cn (MIMEDefang) with ESMTP id j8L2Zoqi028766 for <li@ccert.edu.cn>; Fri, 23 Sep 2005 13:01:45 +0800 (CST) Message-ID: <200509211035.j8L2Zoqi028766@spam-gw.ccert.edu.cn> From: "you" <you@coozo.com> Subject: =?gb2312?B?us/X9w==?= To: li@ccert.edu.cn Content-Type: text/plain;charset="GB2312" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Date: Sun, 23 Oct 2005 23:44:32 +0800 X-Priority: 3 X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 6.00.2800.1106 您好! 我公司有多余的发票可以向外代开!(国税、地税、运输、广告、海关缴款书)。 如果贵公司(厂)有需要请来电洽谈、咨询! 联系电话: 013510251389 陈先生 谢谢 顺祝商祺! ''' email2 = ''' Received: from web15010.mail.cnb.yahoo.com (web15010.mail.cnb.yahoo.com [202.165.103.67]) by spam-gw.ccert.edu.cn (MIMEDefang) with ESMTP id j8R8H2V8018468 for <hu@ccert.edu.cn>; Thu, 29 Sep 2005 19:39:41 +0800 (CST) Received: (qmail 54688 invoked by uid 60001); Thu, 29 Sep 2005 11:50:48 -0000 DomainKey-Signature: a=rsa-sha1; q=dns; c=nofws; s=s1024; d=yahoo.com.cn; h=Message-ID:Received:Date:From:Subject:To:MIME-Version:Content-Type:Content-Transfer-Encoding; b=bSU/zJOkkJfDLFBbWnWnTUKDZWedZej7CHwk+68TMJOxc5bWNOV3oFm+Sdj7+BguqbdY8hBnj9by0vLAREwvNsRCI/vWqZokpQhqNS620fenBohJKxF1JDhRipTl6dha0/sPi1Z9L+cjbm98QQkoNFkiZSBiuBy63tmjYznR3JE= ; Message-ID: <20050927082809.54686.qmail@web15010.mail.cnb.yahoo.com> Received: from [61.150.43.113] by web15010.mail.cnb.yahoo.com via HTTP; Thu, 29 Sep 2005 19:50:48 CST Date: Thu, 29 Sep 2005 19:50:48 +0800 (CST) From: liang ming <yang@yahoo.com.cn> Subject: =?gb2312?B?UmU6ILOzvNzKscTQxfPT0cDPt62z9tLUx7C1xMrCx+k=?= To: hu@ccert.edu.cn MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-1710224003-1127809689=:53686" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit 我怎么觉得是你在翻.. 标 题: 吵架时男朋友老翻出以前的事情 我觉得吵完了和好了就过去了,他却总是在下一次吵架的时候提起。是不是心胸不够宽 阔?老这样下去伤心死了。经常是吵完了我哭他不理我,后来太晚了他就搂着我拍拍我然 后天亮了我们都要去上班。昨天他说他想要的太多了,得到的太少了。我说我从来不觉得 我付出的少,他就质问我付出了什么。我为了他离开了以前的男朋友,办好了去日本的签 证而没去,离开了大连在这里辛苦的生活。远离了一些朋友,工资没怎么涨,每天忍受着 一个半小时的公交车,饭费房租都是2倍而房子却不是精装修也没有家电,忍受着电梯和 楼下汽车的噪音。听他那么说真伤心,觉得自己的爱在消减,好担心会不爱了。 -- ''' recognizer = RecognizerMail() recognizer.predict([email1, email2])
['垃圾邮件', '正常邮件']